Text and Illustrations by Curt Bowen
Video and Photography by Dominic Robinson
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Beneath the Grey Waves: U-1021
The North Atlantic sprawled in all directions, a frigid, steel-gray void beneath the wan winter sun. On its surface, barely disturbing the ocean’s reflective calm, German submarine U-1021 ran just below periscope depth, her snorkel breaching the surface like a shark’s fin. Aft, her wake was barely a ripple — a disciplined ghost in hostile waters.
Salt crusted her conning tower in jagged white patches, frozen in place by weeks of exposure. The winter wind lashed across the bridge where Oberleutnant zur See Wilhelm Holpert stood, scanning the horizon through Zeiss binoculars. His movements were precise, economical — the bearing of an officer with no illusions. He wasn’t hunting. He was surviving.
Below deck, the Type VIIC/41’s pressure hull vibrated with the steady rumble of her twin Germaniawerft F46 diesel engines — supercharged six-cylinder units delivering 3,000 Pferdestärke. The compartment was loud, claustrophobic, and cloyed with the odor of diesel fuel, metal, and sweat.
Bootsmann Otto Baker was hunched over the control station midship, eyes flicking across the ballast indicators and pressure gauges. His hands were cracked from cold and engine grease. Despite the noise, he felt it before he heard it — a shift in rhythm. The hull had developed a low-frequency resonance. Subtle, but wrong.
Up in the radio compartment, Petty Officer Karl Weaver was keying a routine position update to Kriegsmarine Command — his fingers flying over the Enigma keyboard, the coded burst sweeping into the ether in shortwave staccato. He paused. Noise in the signal. A steady hiss, punctuated by something deeper. Rhythmic. Propeller cavitation?
The watch officer’s shout cracked the cold air.
“CONTACT — SURFACE SHIP, BEARING TWO-THREE-ZERO!”
Holpert's head snapped to port. Binoculars up. He didn’t need to wait for identification. What loomed out of the mist wasn’t a merchant. The silhouette was broad, its radar mast tall and angular. Royal Navy. Likely a Dido-class cruiser, maybe worse. Its bearing was constant. A hunter.
“ALARM! CRASH DIVE!”
Klaxons blared — a shrill, deafening signal that reverberated through steel and spine. Men dropped ladders, slid through hatches. Watertight seals slammed shut with the sound of gunshots. Dive planes snapped to down-angle. Air hissed from vented tanks. U-1021 dropped like a depth-guided stone.
Holpert was last down, sealing the conning tower hatch just as the periscope vanished beneath the surface.
“Take us to 100 meters. Fast,” he barked.
Baker spun the dive controls. “Diving — compressing ballast… Leveling off at ninety-eight… now one hundred meters, sir.”
The diesel engines cut out. Battery power engaged. The boat shifted to silent mode, her Brown, Boveri & Cie electric motors humming faintly, inaudible outside her hull. In moments, the Atlantic swallowed them whole.
The red battle lights came on — dull illumination designed to preserve night vision and psychological edge. The sonar operator had his headphones on, hunched over the hydrophone stack, hands trembling as he tuned the filters.
“Contact bearing drifting left — he’s pinging now. Active sonar sweep.”
Holpert moved to the chart table. “Speed?”
“Five knots — steady. They’re not guessing. They’re tracking.”
The first detonation was distant. A muffled thump. The boat shivered — a gentle tremor through her ribcage.
“Depth charges,” Weaver said, monotone.
“Still outside our layer,” Baker added. “They’re feeling for us.”
“Silent running,” Holpert ordered. “All systems to minimum. Cease motor.”
Systems powered down. The boat exhaled. U-1021 became a capsule of steel and silence, suspended in black water under hundreds of tons of pressure. Every creak of the hull was a reminder of the physics at war with them. Inside, men held their breath without realizing.
Another explosion. Closer. The deck tiles jumped. A wrench clattered to the floor.
“Get that secured,” Holpert snapped.
Then came a pattern. Four, maybe five charges. Bracketed. The enemy was using Mark VII depth charges — time-fused, set to descend and detonate sequentially. Designed not to kill with one hit, but to stress the boat into failure.
A low groan built in the hull. One rivet snapped. Another. Then silence.
“Are they repositioning?” Holpert asked.
The sonar operator’s voice was low. “Prop noise… receding.”
Minutes passed. Ten. Fifteen. Silence. Only the deep, omnipresent groan of the ocean crushing in.
“They’ve moved on,” Holpert said. “But they’ll be back.”
“We need to relocate,” Baker urged.
“Agreed. Ahead slow. Ten degrees starboard. We’ll skirt the coast.”
Weaver looked up. “Sir — we’ve no charts for shallow coastal fields. The Allies are rumored to have mined those sectors.”
“They expect us to flee deep,” Holpert replied. “We’ll do the opposite.”
U-1021 turned, silent and slow. She traced the British coast, east of Cornwall. The hydrophone ticked softly, measuring depth. The seafloor climbed steadily beneath them. Margin for error disappeared.
Then — contact.
A high-pitched scrape sang along the starboard hull.
“Cable?” Baker asked.
“Or a mine tether,” Weaver said darkly.
“ALL STOP.”
The sub drifted. The contact dragged along the hull again — a slow, metallic whisper. The moment stretched. Holpert gave the signal.
“Reverse. Slow.”
The boat edged back. The scraping faded. Tension broke slightly.
Then came the blast.
A high-order detonation slammed into the front quarter. No delay. No mercy. The pressure hull failed in a second — bulkheads rupturing, compartments flooding. The explosion overpressurized the stern, vaporizing the forward rooms. The power grid collapsed. Lights out.
Holpert was thrown against a steel frame. Blood in his eyes. Sirens dead. The emergency lighting flickered, then died.
“Damage report!” he yelled.
No answer. Just the hiss of seawater invading.
The submarine tilted, nose-down. The keel groaned, flexed — then snapped midships.
U-1021 began its terminal descent.
The forward section hit the seabed first — forty-five-degree angle. The force collapsed the bow compartment. Screams. Water. Metal. Then… stillness.
Only seven remained alive — Holpert, Weaver, Baker, and four others. Baker was pinned beneath a steel beam. His leg was gone. The compartment was black except for the dim emergency red light. Oxygen was limited. Power was gone.
They didn’t speak much. Nothing useful to say.
Above them, the Royal Navy had already turned away. Their sonar showed a contact vanish. A kill without confirmation.
Kriegsmarine Command would list U-1021 as “Missing — Presumed Lost.”
Berlin would never know they made it past the hunter.
They would never know it was a British minefield that claimed the boat, not depth charges.
And beneath the cold Atlantic, entombed in silence and steel, the last breath of U-1021 remained unheard.
Video of the U-1021 by Deep Wreck Diver
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Category
Details
Predecessor
German Type VIIC/41 submarines were preceded by the heavier Type VIIC submarines.
Displacement
Surface: 759 tonnes (747 long tons)
Submerged: 860 tonnes (850 long tons)
Dimensions
Total length: 67.10 m (220 ft 2 in)
Pressure hull length: 50.50 m (165 ft 8 in)
Beam: 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in)
Height: 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draught: 4.74 m (15 ft 7 in)
Propulsion
Surfaced: Two Germaniawerft F46 four-stroke, six-cylinder supercharged diesel engines producing 2,800–3,200 PS (2,060–2,350 kW; 2,760–3,160 shp)
Submerged: Two Brown, Boveri & Cie GG UB 720/8 double-acting electric motors producing 750 PS (550 kW; 740 shp)
Two shafts
Two 1.23 m (4 ft) propellers
Operational Depth
Up to 230 metres (750 ft)
Speed
Maximum surfaced: 17.7 knots (32.8 km/h; 20.4 mph)
Maximum submerged: 7.6 knots (14.1 km/h; 8.7 mph)
Range
Submerged: 80 nautical miles (150 km; 92 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph)
Surfaced: 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km; 9,800 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Armament
Five 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four at the bow, one at the stern)
Fourteen torpedoes
One 8.8 cm (3.46 in) SK C/35 naval gun with 220 rounds
One 3.7 cm (1.5 in) Flak M42 anti-aircraft gun
Two 2 cm (0.79 in) C/30 anti-aircraft guns
Crew
Complement of 44 to 60 men
Difference between the VIIC and VIIC/41 U-Boat
Type VIIC was the mainstay U-boat of the Kriegsmarine during much of WWII, developed from the VIIB with additional space for sonar and a buoyancy tank.
Type VIIC/41 was a stronger, slightly improved version, designed to dive deeper, with a thicker pressure hull and improved seaworthiness, while saving weight by simplifying engine designs.
Both types were nearly identical in appearance and general function, but the VIIC/41 had enhanced structural strength and survivability in deeper waters.
The wreck of U-1021 was discovered in December 2006 by nautical archaeologist Innes McCartney and historian Axel Niestlé, located approximately seven miles off the coast of Newquay, Cornwall, at coordinates 50°33.3′N 5°11.6′W. The site lies near the wrecks of two other German U-boats, U-325 and U-400. Subsequent research by McCartney concluded that all three submarines were lost in the Bristol Channel as a result of a deep-trap minefield. This minefield, designated "HW A3," was laid by HMS Apollo on 3 December 1944 and proved fatal to U-1021.